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Question 1:

What does genetic diversity refer to?

A) The variety of genes and genetic traits within a population
B) The number of different species in an ecosystem
C) The variety of ecosystems in a region
D) The distribution of individuals among different species

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Explanation: The correct answer is A) The variety of genes and genetic traits within a population. Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes, alleles, and genetic traits present within a population of organisms. It includes the differences in genetic information that allow species to adapt to changing environments and play a crucial role in their long-term survival.

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Question 2:

What is the primary source of genetic diversity in a population?

A) Gene flow
B) Mutation
C) Genetic drift
D) Natural selection

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Explanation: The correct answer is B) Mutation. Mutation is the primary source of genetic diversity in a population. Mutations are random changes in the DNA sequence and can create new genetic variations that can be passed on to future generations. Genetic diversity arises from the accumulation of mutations over time.

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Question 3:

Why is genetic diversity important for species?

A) It ensures species have a wide geographic distribution
B) It enhances species' resistance to diseases and environmental changes
C) It promotes interbreeding between different species
D) It increases species' population growth rates

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Explanation: The correct answer is B) It enhances species' resistance to diseases and environmental changes. Genetic diversity provides species with a wider range of genetic variations, making them better equipped to adapt to environmental changes and resist diseases. It allows populations to respond to natural selection, increasing their chances of survival in changing conditions.

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Question 4:

What can decrease genetic diversity in a population?

A) Genetic drift
B) Gene flow
C) Mutation
D) Natural selection

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Explanation: The correct answer is A) Genetic drift. Genetic drift refers to the random changes in gene frequencies that occur in small populations due to chance events. It can decrease genetic diversity by reducing the number of different alleles present in a population. Genetic drift is more pronounced in small populations and can lead to the loss of certain genetic variations.

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Question 5:

How does genetic diversity contribute to ecosystem stability?

A) It increases competition among species
B) It promotes the invasion of non-native species
C) It enhances ecosystem resilience and resistance to disturbances
D) It accelerates the rate of ecological succession

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Explanation: The correct answer is C) It enhances ecosystem resilience and resistance to disturbances. Genetic diversity within species contributes to the overall resilience and stability of ecosystems. A diverse gene pool allows species to adapt to environmental changes, increases the likelihood of finding individuals with beneficial traits, and enhances the capacity of ecosystems to recover from disturbances such as natural disasters or disease outbreaks.