Question 1:

Which of the following represents a period on the periodic table?

Explanation: The correct answer is A) A horizontal row. A period on the periodic table represents a horizontal row. There are a total of seven periods in the periodic table, numbered from 1 to 7. Elements within the same period have their outermost electron shells at similar energy levels.

Question 2:

What is a group on the periodic table?

Explanation: The correct answer is B) A vertical column. A group on the periodic table represents a vertical column. There are a total of 18 groups in the periodic table, numbered from 1 to 18. Elements within the same group share similar chemical properties and have the same number of valence electrons.

Question 3:

Which group of elements in the periodic table is known as the alkaline earth metals?

Explanation: The correct answer is B) Group 2. The alkaline earth metals are located in Group 2 of the periodic table. They include elements such as beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). Alkaline earth metals are reactive, but less so than the alkali metals in Group 1.

Question 4:

Which of the following elements belongs to Group 17 of the periodic table?

Explanation: The correct answer is B) Fluorine (F). Fluorine is located in Group 17 of the periodic table, also known as the halogens. Group 17 elements include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). Halogens are highly reactive nonmetals.

Question 5:

Which of the following is true about elements within the same group on the periodic table?

Explanation: The correct answer is C) They have similar chemical properties. Elements within the same group on the periodic table share similar chemical properties. This is because they have the same number of valence electrons, which determines their reactivity and the types of chemical bonds they form. However, elements in the same group do not necessarily have the same number of protons or atomic masses.