Question 1:
What is the primary difference between autoimmune diseases and allergies?
Explanation: The primary difference between autoimmune diseases and allergies is that autoimmune diseases involve an immune response to self-antigens, while allergies involve an immune response to foreign antigens. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks healthy cells and tissues in the body. In allergies, the immune system overreacts to harmless substances, such as pollen or certain foods. Therefore, option A is correct.
Question 2:
Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disease?
Explanation: Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of an autoimmune disease. In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing inflammation and damage. Asthma, hay fever, and eczema are examples of allergic conditions. Therefore, option B is correct.
Question 3:
Which cells are involved in the immune response in autoimmune diseases?
Explanation: All of the above cell types (B cells, T cells, and macrophages) are involved in the immune response in autoimmune diseases. B cells and T cells play a role in recognizing self-antigens and initiating immune responses. Macrophages are responsible for engulfing and destroying cells and debris. Therefore, option D is correct.
Question 4:
Which of the following is an example of an allergic reaction?
Explanation: Anaphylaxis is an example of an allergic reaction. Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur in response to certain allergens, such as insect stings, medications, or food. Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and lupus are autoimmune diseases. Therefore, option C is correct.
Question 5:
What is the main goal of treatment for autoimmune diseases?
Explanation: The main goal of treatment for autoimmune diseases is to suppress the immune response. Since autoimmune diseases involve an overactive immune response targeting self-antigens, the aim of treatment is to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage to tissues and organs. Boosting the immune response would worsen the autoimmune response. Eliminating the pathogen is not relevant in autoimmune diseases, as they involve a self-reactive immune response. Symptomatic relief may be provided, but the main goal is to suppress the immune response. Therefore, option A is correct.