Question 1:

Which of the following gases is the primary component of Earth's atmosphere?

Explanation: The primary component of Earth's atmosphere is "Nitrogen." It makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere by volume.

Question 2:

Which of the following planets has the highest average surface temperature?

Explanation: The planet with the highest average surface temperature is "Venus." It has a thick atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide, which leads to a runaway greenhouse effect and extreme surface temperatures.

Question 3:

What is the primary cause of Earth's seasons?

Explanation: The primary cause of Earth's seasons is its "Axial tilt." The tilt of Earth's axis relative to its orbit around the Sun leads to varying amounts of sunlight reaching different parts of the planet throughout the year, resulting in seasonal changes.

Question 4:

Which of the following atmospheric phenomena is characterized by rotating columns of air?

Explanation: The atmospheric phenomenon characterized by rotating columns of air is "Tornadoes." Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that are typically associated with severe thunderstorms.

Question 5:

Which of the following atmospheric layers is located closest to the Earth's surface?

Explanation: The atmospheric layer located closest to the Earth's surface is the "Troposphere." It is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface up to an altitude of about 10-15 kilometers.