Question 1:

Which of the following is the main driving force behind natural selection?

Explanation: The main driving force behind natural selection is differential reproductive success. Individuals with traits that increase their chances of survival and reproduction are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation. Therefore, option D is correct.

Question 2:

Which of the following statements about adaptation is true?

Explanation: Adaptation is a gradual process that occurs over generations through natural selection. It involves the accumulation of beneficial traits in a population over time, leading to better fitness and increased survival and reproduction. Therefore, option C is correct.

Question 3:

Which of the following is an example of an adaptation?

Explanation: All of the given options are examples of adaptations. Migration allows birds to find suitable breeding grounds, changing color helps lizards avoid predation, and producing toxins is a defense mechanism for plants against herbivores. Therefore, option D is correct.

Question 4:

What is the term for the process in which new species evolve from a common ancestor?

Explanation: The term for the process in which new species evolve from a common ancestor is speciation. It involves the accumulation of genetic changes over time, leading to reproductive isolation and the formation of distinct species. Therefore, option D is correct.

Question 5:

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

Explanation: The wings of birds and wings of bats are an example of convergent evolution. Despite their different evolutionary origins, both bird wings and bat wings have evolved to serve a similar function of powered flight. Therefore, option A is correct.