Question 1:

What is speciation?

A) The formation of new species
B) The extinction of existing species
C) The migration of individuals between populations
D) The development of new traits within a species

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Explanation: Speciation refers to the formation of new species. It occurs when populations of a species become reproductively isolated and diverge to the point where they can no longer interbreed.

Question 2:

Which of the following is an example of prezygotic isolation?

A) Two populations of birds producing offspring with reduced fertility
B) Two populations of fish living in different habitats
C) Two populations of plants sharing the same pollinators
D) Two populations of mammals having different mating calls

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Explanation: Prezygotic isolation occurs before the formation of a zygote (fertilized egg). In this case, two populations of fish living in different habitats experience habitat isolation, which prevents them from encountering each other for reproduction.

Question 3:

Which of the following is an example of postzygotic isolation?

A) Two populations of birds producing offspring with reduced fertility
B) Two populations of fish living in different habitats
C) Two populations of plants sharing the same pollinators
D) Two populations of mammals having different mating calls

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Explanation: Postzygotic isolation occurs after the formation of a zygote (fertilized egg). In this case, two populations of birds producing offspring with reduced fertility is an example of reduced hybrid viability, a form of postzygotic isolation.

Question 4:

What does phylogeography study?

A) The geographic distribution of different species
B) The genetic relationships among populations within a species
C) The impact of environmental factors on species diversity
D) The development of new traits through natural selection

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Explanation: Phylogeography is the study of the genetic relationships among populations within a species in relation to their geographic distribution. It combines principles from phylogenetics and geography to understand the historical processes that have shaped the genetic diversity of populations.

Question 5:

What is allopatric speciation?

A) Speciation that occurs in the same geographic area
B) Speciation that occurs due to geographic isolation
C) Speciation that occurs through rapid genetic changes
D) Speciation that occurs through hybridization

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Explanation: Allopatric speciation is speciation that occurs due to geographic isolation. It happens when a population is divided into two or more geographically separated subpopulations, preventing gene flow between them and leading to reproductive isolation and the formation of new species.