Question 1:

What is the process by which gene expression is turned off or reduced?

Explanation: D) Gene silencing is the process by which gene expression is turned off or reduced. It involves various mechanisms that prevent or inhibit the expression of specific genes.

Question 2:

Which molecules bind to DNA to control gene expression?

Explanation: A) Transcription factors are molecules that bind to DNA to control gene expression. They play a key role in regulating the initiation and rate of transcription.

Question 3:

What is the term for the process of adding chemical modifications to DNA or histones to regulate gene expression?

Explanation: B) DNA methylation is the term for the process of adding chemical modifications to DNA or histones to regulate gene expression. Methylation can inhibit gene transcription and is an important mechanism of gene regulation.

Question 4:

What is an example of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression?

Explanation: A) Alternative splicing is an example of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. It involves the selective splicing of exons and introns during mRNA processing, resulting in different mRNA isoforms and protein products.

Question 5:

What is an example of translational regulation of gene expression?

Explanation: B) Ribosome binding is an example of translational regulation of gene expression. Ribosomes bind to mRNA molecules and initiate protein synthesis, and the efficiency of this process can be regulated to control gene expression.