Question 1:
What is the primary function of metabolism in the human body?
Explanation: The primary function of metabolism in the human body is to generate energy for all physiological processes. Metabolism involves the breakdown of nutrients and the production of energy-rich molecules, such as ATP, which are essential for the functioning of cells and the maintenance of bodily functions.
Question 2:
Which macronutrient is the main source of energy in the human body?
Explanation: Carbohydrates are the main source of energy in the human body. When consumed, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is then utilized by cells to produce energy through various metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and cellular respiration.
Question 3:
Which metabolic pathway occurs in the absence of oxygen?
Explanation: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that occurs in the absence of oxygen, also known as anaerobic conditions. During glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate, which can further be metabolized into either lactate (in the absence of oxygen) or enter the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (in the presence of oxygen).
Question 4:
Which hormone regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats in the body?
Explanation: Insulin is the hormone that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats in the body. Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose by cells and the storage of excess glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles. It also inhibits the breakdown of stored fats (lipolysis) and stimulates the synthesis of fats (lipogenesis).
Question 5:
Which nutrient plays a crucial role in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation?
Explanation: Oxygen plays a crucial role in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation. During this process, oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing for the efficient production of ATP from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.