Question 1:

Which of the following respiratory disorders is characterized by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways?

Explanation: The respiratory disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways is asthma. In asthma, the airways become inflamed, leading to episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing.

Question 2:

Which of the following respiratory disorders is caused by a bacterial or viral infection in the lungs?

Explanation: The respiratory disorder caused by a bacterial or viral infection in the lungs is pneumonia. Pneumonia can cause inflammation and fluid buildup in the alveoli, leading to symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.

Question 3:

Which of the following respiratory disorders is characterized by the progressive destruction of lung tissue and loss of elasticity?

Explanation: The respiratory disorder characterized by the progressive destruction of lung tissue and loss of elasticity is emphysema. Emphysema is often associated with long-term smoking and results in breathing difficulties due to the impaired ability of the lungs to expand and contract properly.

Question 4:

Which of the following respiratory disorders is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria?

Explanation: The respiratory disorder caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria is tuberculosis. Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs and can cause symptoms such as persistent cough, weight loss, and night sweats.

Question 5:

Which of the following respiratory disorders is characterized by the narrowing and hardening of the airways, making it difficult to breathe?

Explanation: The respiratory disorder characterized by the narrowing and hardening of the airways, making it difficult to breathe, is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a term that encompasses conditions such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, which are often caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke.