Question 1:

Which hormone plays a key role in regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Explanation: B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, plays a key role in regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys. It increases the permeability of the collecting ducts, allowing more water to be reabsorbed.

Question 2:

Which of the following electrolytes is primarily regulated by aldosterone?

Explanation: A) Sodium is primarily regulated by aldosterone. Aldosterone acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium.

Question 3:

Which hormone is released by the heart in response to increased blood volume and pressure?

Explanation: D) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is released by the heart in response to increased blood volume and pressure. ANP promotes the excretion of sodium and water, leading to a decrease in blood volume and pressure.

Question 4:

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of potassium ions?

Explanation: C) Distal tubule is responsible for the reabsorption of potassium ions. The distal tubule actively reabsorbs sodium ions and secretes potassium ions to maintain the balance of these electrolytes.

Question 5:

Which of the following substances is not typically filtered by the glomerulus?

Explanation: A) Red blood cells are not typically filtered by the glomerulus. The glomerular filtration barrier does not allow large particles like red blood cells to pass through, ensuring they remain in the bloodstream.