Chemistry Topics:
Atomic Structure:
- Subatomic Particles: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
- Atomic Models: Bohr Model, Quantum Mechanical Model
- Electron Configuration and Orbital Theory
- Isotopes and Atomic Mass
- Periodic Trends: Atomic Radius, Ionization Energy, Electronegativity
Chemical Reactions:
- Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis, Decomposition, Combustion, Redox, etc.
- Balancing Chemical Equations
- Reaction Rates and Kinetics
- Reaction Stoichiometry
- Equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s Principle
Periodic Table:
- Periods and Groups
- Periodic Trends: Electronegativity, Ionization Energy, Atomic Radius
- Classification of Elements: Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids
- Representative Elements and Transition Metals
- The Noble Gases and their Properties
Organic Chemistry:
- Organic Compounds and Functional Groups
- Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
- Isomerism: Structural Isomerism, Stereoisomerism
- Reaction Mechanisms: Substitution, Elimination, Addition
- Organic Synthesis and Reactions of Organic Compounds
Stoichiometry:
- Mole Concept and Avogadro’s Number
- Stoichiometric Calculations: Molar Ratios, Mass-Mass Calculations
- Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield
- Empirical and Molecular Formulas
- Gas Stoichiometry: The Ideal Gas Law and Gas Volume Relationships
Acids, Bases, and pH:
- Acid-Base Definitions: Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis
- pH Scale and Acid-Base Strength
- Acid-Base Reactions: Neutralization, Acid-Base Titration
- pH Calculation and Buffer Solutions
- Acid-Base Indicators and Color Changes
Electrochemistry:
- Redox Reactions and Oxidation Numbers
- Electrochemical Cells and Galvanic Cells
- Electrolysis and Faraday’s Laws
- Standard Electrode Potentials and Cell Potential
- Corrosion and Electroplating
Chemical Bonding:
- Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds
- Covalent Bonds and Lewis Structures
- VSEPR Theory and Molecular Geometry
- Bond Polarity and Electronegativity
- Intermolecular Forces and their Effects
Polymers:
- Polymerization Reactions: Addition and Condensation Polymerization
- Types of Polymers: Plastics, Rubber, Fibers
- Polymer Properties and Applications
- Polymer Structure-Property Relationships
- Biodegradable Polymers and Environmental Impacts
Analytical Chemistry:
Broad Categories