Question 1:
Which of the following is an example of a valid argument in formal logic?
Explanation: The valid argument is option B. It follows the logical form of a valid argument in formal logic called Modus Ponens, where the premises establish a conditional statement and its antecedent, and the conclusion asserts the consequent.
Question 2:
Which of the following represents a valid proposition in propositional logic?
Explanation: The valid proposition is option D. It represents the negation (NOT) of proposition p, which is a valid proposition in propositional logic.
Question 3:
Which of the following logical connectives represents the exclusive disjunction?
Explanation: The logical connective that represents the exclusive disjunction (XOR) is option C, denoted as ⊕.
Question 4:
Which of the following is the contrapositive of the statement "If it rains, then the ground gets wet"?
Explanation: The contrapositive of the statement is option D. It switches the positions of the antecedent and consequent, and negates both.
Question 5:
Which of the following is the Law of Excluded Middle in propositional logic?
Explanation: The Law of Excluded Middle states that every proposition is either true or false. It is represented by option D, p ∨ ¬p.
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