Question 1:

Which of the following is a valid conclusion based on the given syllogism?
All cats are mammals.
Some mammals are dogs.

Explanation: The valid conclusion is "All dogs are mammals" as it follows the given premises.

Question 2:

Which of the following syllogisms is valid?

Explanation: The valid syllogism is "All books are novels. Some novels are bestsellers. Therefore, all books are bestsellers."

Question 3:

Which of the following deductive reasoning patterns is represented by the given statement?
All birds have feathers.
Penguins are birds.

Explanation: The deductive reasoning pattern represented is "Modus Ponens" where the conclusion can be derived from the given premises.

Question 4:

Which of the following statements is a valid disjunctive syllogism?
Either it's raining or the sun is shining.
It's not raining.

Explanation: The valid conclusion is "The sun is shining" as it follows the given premises.

Question 5:

Which of the following syllogisms is invalid?

Explanation: The invalid syllogism is "All pens are writing instruments. Some writing instruments are markers. Therefore, all pens are markers."