Chemistry Section

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Chemistry Topics:

Atomic Structure:

  1. Subatomic Particles: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
  2. Atomic Models: Bohr Model, Quantum Mechanical Model
  3. Electron Configuration and Orbital Theory
  4. Isotopes and Atomic Mass
  5. Periodic Trends: Atomic Radius, Ionization Energy, Electronegativity

Chemical Reactions:

  1. Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis, Decomposition, Combustion, Redox, etc.
  2. Balancing Chemical Equations
  3. Reaction Rates and Kinetics
  4. Reaction Stoichiometry
  5. Equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s Principle

Periodic Table:

  1. Periods and Groups
  2. Periodic Trends: Electronegativity, Ionization Energy, Atomic Radius
  3. Classification of Elements: Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids
  4. Representative Elements and Transition Metals
  5. The Noble Gases and their Properties

Organic Chemistry:

  1. Organic Compounds and Functional Groups
  2. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
  3. Isomerism: Structural Isomerism, Stereoisomerism
  4. Reaction Mechanisms: Substitution, Elimination, Addition
  5. Organic Synthesis and Reactions of Organic Compounds

Stoichiometry:

  1. Mole Concept and Avogadro’s Number
  2. Stoichiometric Calculations: Molar Ratios, Mass-Mass Calculations
  3. Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield
  4. Empirical and Molecular Formulas
  5. Gas Stoichiometry: The Ideal Gas Law and Gas Volume Relationships

Acids, Bases, and pH:

  1. Acid-Base Definitions: Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis
  2. pH Scale and Acid-Base Strength
  3. Acid-Base Reactions: Neutralization, Acid-Base Titration
  4. pH Calculation and Buffer Solutions
  5. Acid-Base Indicators and Color Changes

Electrochemistry:

  1. Redox Reactions and Oxidation Numbers
  2. Electrochemical Cells and Galvanic Cells
  3. Electrolysis and Faraday’s Laws
  4. Standard Electrode Potentials and Cell Potential
  5. Corrosion and Electroplating

Chemical Bonding:

  1. Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds
  2. Covalent Bonds and Lewis Structures
  3. VSEPR Theory and Molecular Geometry
  4. Bond Polarity and Electronegativity
  5. Intermolecular Forces and their Effects

Polymers:

  1. Polymerization Reactions: Addition and Condensation Polymerization
  2. Types of Polymers: Plastics, Rubber, Fibers
  3. Polymer Properties and Applications
  4. Polymer Structure-Property Relationships
  5. Biodegradable Polymers and Environmental Impacts

Analytical Chemistry:

    1. Qualitative Analysis: Identification of Elements and Compounds
    2. Quantitative Analysis: Determination of Concentration
    3. Chromatography Techniques: Gas Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography
    4. Spectroscopy Methods: UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy
    5. Mass Spectrometry and Atomic Spectroscopy

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