Question 1:
What is primary succession?
Explanation: The correct answer is C) The process of colonization on bare rock or barren land. Primary succession refers to the process of ecological colonization and establishment on bare rock or barren land that has no previous soil or vegetation. It occurs in areas such as newly formed volcanic islands, glacial moraines, or recently exposed rock surfaces.
Question 2:
Which of the following is an example of primary succession?
Explanation: The correct answer is D) Formation of sand dunes. The formation of sand dunes is an example of primary succession. Sand dunes are formed by the gradual accumulation of sand particles in an area, often in coastal or desert regions. Over time, pioneer species like grasses and shrubs colonize the sand dunes and initiate the process of primary succession.
Question 3:
Which of the following is an important factor in primary succession?
Explanation: The correct answer is C) Availability of nutrients. In primary succession, the availability of nutrients is an important factor. Since the soil is absent or very poor initially, the colonization and establishment of plant species depend on the availability of essential nutrients. Over time, as pioneer species grow and die, they contribute to the development of organic matter and nutrient-rich soil.
Question 4:
Which of the following is a pioneer species in primary succession?
Explanation: The correct answer is C) Moss. Moss is a common example of a pioneer species in primary succession. Mosses are small, non-vascular plants that can grow on bare rock or soil with minimal nutrients. They help in soil formation by breaking down rocks and retaining moisture, creating a suitable environment for other plant species to colonize and establish.
Question 5:
Which of the following is a characteristic of primary succession?
Explanation: The correct answer is B) No soil formation. One of the characteristics of primary succession is the absence of soil initially. Primary succession begins in areas devoid of soil, such as bare rock surfaces or newly formed volcanic islands. Over time, the pioneer species and subsequent plant growth contribute to the formation of soil through organic matter accumulation and weathering of rocks.
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