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Question 1:

Which of the following is an example of an independent variable in an experiment?

A) The measured outcome or response.
B) The variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher.
C) The variable that is held constant or controlled.
D) The variable that is influenced or affected by the independent variable.

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Explanation: The correct answer is B) The variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher. The independent variable is the variable that the researcher intentionally manipulates or changes in an experiment. It is the variable believed to have an effect on the dependent variable and is often assigned different values or levels to compare their impact on the outcome.

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Question 2:

Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable in an experiment?

A) The measured outcome or response.
B) The variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher.
C) The variable that is held constant or controlled.
D) The variable that is influenced or affected by the independent variable.

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Explanation: The correct answer is A) The measured outcome or response. The dependent variable is the variable that is measured or observed in an experiment. It is the variable believed to be influenced or affected by the independent variable. The researcher examines how changes in the independent variable impact the dependent variable, which serves as the primary outcome or response of interest.

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Question 3:

Which of the following is an example of a controlled variable in an experiment?

A) The measured outcome or response.
B) The variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher.
C) The variable that is held constant or controlled.
D) The variable that is influenced or affected by the independent variable.

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Explanation: The correct answer is C) The variable that is held constant or controlled. Controlled variables, also known as constant variables, are the variables in an experiment that are intentionally kept the same or held constant throughout the experiment. They are important for ensuring that any observed effects or changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not influenced by other factors.

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Question 4:

Which of the following is an example of an extraneous variable in an experiment?

A) The measured outcome or response.
B) The variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher.
C) The variable that is held constant or controlled.
D) The variable that may unintentionally influence the results.

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Explanation: The correct answer is D) The variable that may unintentionally influence the results. An extraneous variable is an additional variable that may unintentionally influence the results of an experiment. It is not the variable of interest (independent or dependent variable) but can confound the results by introducing unintended variability or bias. Researchers aim to identify and control for extraneous variables to ensure the validity and reliability of the experiment.

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Question 5:

Which of the following is an example of a categorical variable in an experiment?

A) The measured outcome or response.
B) The variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher.
C) The variable that is held constant or controlled.
D) The variable that represents different categories or groups.

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Explanation: The correct answer is D) The variable that represents different categories or groups. A categorical variable, also known as a nominal variable, is a variable that represents different categories, groups, or labels. It does not have a quantitative value but allows for classification or grouping of data based on distinct categories. In an experiment, categorical variables are often used to represent factors or conditions of interest.