Question 1:

Which of the following is responsible for maintaining acid-base balance in the body?

Explanation: B) Kidneys are responsible for maintaining acid-base balance in the body. They regulate the reabsorption and secretion of ions, such as hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), to maintain the pH of the blood within a narrow range.

Question 2:

Which of the following is a condition characterized by excessively acidic blood pH?

Explanation: A) Metabolic acidosis is a condition characterized by excessively acidic blood pH. It can occur due to the accumulation of acids or loss of bicarbonate ions, leading to a decrease in blood pH.

Question 3:

Which of the following is a condition characterized by excessively alkaline blood pH?

Explanation: B) Metabolic alkalosis is a condition characterized by excessively alkaline blood pH. It can occur due to the accumulation of bicarbonate ions or loss of acids, leading to an increase in blood pH.

Question 4:

Which of the following conditions is caused by impaired kidney function and results in the retention of acidic waste products in the body?

Explanation: A) Metabolic acidosis is caused by impaired kidney function and results in the retention of acidic waste products in the body. This leads to a decrease in blood pH.

Question 5:

Which of the following conditions is caused by hyperventilation and results in decreased carbon dioxide levels and increased blood pH?

Explanation: D) Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation and results in decreased carbon dioxide levels and increased blood pH. This occurs because hyperventilation leads to the elimination of excess carbon dioxide from the body.