Question 1:
Which study design is best suited for establishing a cause-and-effect relationship?
Explanation: The correct answer is D) Randomized controlled trial. Randomized controlled trials are considered the gold standard for establishing a cause-and-effect relationship because they involve random assignment of participants to different treatment groups, minimizing confounding factors and allowing for causal inferences to be drawn.
Question 2:
Which study design is most suitable for studying rare diseases?
Explanation: The correct answer is B) Case-control study. Case-control studies are particularly useful for studying rare diseases because they start with individuals who already have the disease (cases) and select a comparison group without the disease (controls). This design allows for efficient examination of risk factors associated with the disease.
Question 3:
Which study design is most appropriate for studying the progression of a disease over time?
Explanation: The correct answer is C) Cohort study. Cohort studies follow a group of individuals over time to examine the development of a disease or health outcome. This design allows for the assessment of risk factors, incidence rates, and disease progression.
Question 4:
Which study design is most suitable for assessing the prevalence of a disease in a population at a specific point in time?
Explanation: The correct answer is A) Cross-sectional study. Cross-sectional studies collect data on the prevalence of a disease or health condition at a specific point in time. This design allows for the estimation of disease burden and the examination of potential risk factors in a population.
Question 5:
Which study design is most suitable for investigating the effectiveness of a new treatment?
Explanation: The correct answer is D) Randomized controlled trial. Randomized controlled trials are commonly used to assess the effectiveness of a new treatment or intervention. Participants are randomly assigned to different groups, one receiving the new treatment and the other receiving a control or placebo, allowing for comparisons of outcomes between the groups.
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